With more than 10 years’ experience, developing, designing and delivering workplace mental health and wellbeing programs, Rae works with a broad range of organisations, industries and settings with a special skill in crisis and suicide response. A qualified counsellor trained in Rogerian theory – Rae draws on her authenticity, genuineness, and empathy to create environments of trust and safety. She has a focus on men and boy’s health, offering confidential in person and online sessions for individuals, couples and groups. For a decade, she’s been a volunteer Ambassador for Beyond Blue and also donates her time to community organisations and settings where the smallest acts of kindness and care can be lifechanging. She’s well known for her enthusiastic advocacy in the men’s health space, where she believes that a male friendly approach to support and resources could have a positive impact for everyone. The first female board member of the Australian Men’s Health Forum, she compliments this with a recent election to the board of Global Action on Men’s Health. You can also tune into Rae’s radio show on 94.1FM 3WBC, “What does it feel like, being you today”, where she interviews people from all over the world, asking that question.Rae Bonney's website at (https://www.raebonney.au), and join us in this ongoing conversation to bring about change and hope. https://au.linkedin.com/in/raebonney

The Mystery of Toxic Honeys with Dr. Andrew Knill"** Welcome to another buzzing episode of "Bees with Ben," a podcast where we delve into the fascinating world of bees and their impact on our ecosystem. This week, we're joined by renowned scientist Dr. Andrew Knill, who brings his expertise to a rather intriguing topic: toxic honeys and the effects of Patterson's Curse nectar in honey. **A Deep Dive into Toxic Honeys:** Dr. Knill starts by exploring the broader concept of toxic honeys, a phenomenon that has intrigued scientists and beekeepers alike. He explains how certain plants, when foraged by bees, can lead to the production of honey with unusual properties. These honeys, while rare, can range from being mildly psychoactive to potentially harmful. Patterson's Curse – A Blessing or a Curse? Our focus then shifts to Patterson's Curse, a plant known for its vibrant beauty and its controversial role in honey production. Dr. Knill discusses the dual nature of this plant - how it's both a bane for farmers and a boon for beekeepers in certain regions. He delves into the chemistry of Patterson's Curse nectar and how it influences the honey produced. Dr. Knill shares insights from his recent research on how bees interact with Patterson's Curse and how they are affected by its nectar. The conversation takes an intriguing turn as we discuss the effects of this honey on human health. Dr. Knill breaks down the myths and realities, providing a balanced view on the potential risks and benefits. Don't forget to subscribe for more insightful episodes of "Bees with Ben." We'd love to hear your thoughts on this episode, so feel free to leave a comment or reach out on our social media platforms. Stay tuned for our next episode, where we'll explore another fascinating aspect of beekeeping and the wonders of the bee world.

This week’s episode of the Bees with Ben podcast features a question-and-answer session between Ben and his special studio guest, Brent Nixon, who has driven down from Ballarat South for the occasion. Naturally, Ben’s first question for Brent is how he started out with bees? Brent explains that he grew up in a family of cattle breeders and wanted to breed something for himself. He studied genetics at university, including the pioneering work of Gregor Mendel, the father of modern genetics. Many people don’t realize that Mendel, who was a monk, also conducted research with bees, which were often kept at monasteries to produce beeswax candles, in addition to honey. Mendel was attempting to breed bees using a cage, which wasn’t really effective, but his early work was taken up by Brother Adam of Buckfast Abbey in the UK - the creator of the ‘Buckfast bee’. Brent became fascinated with breeding bees, but although he had the theoretical knowledge, he had never been inside a hive. Then about 8 years ago, his wife’s uncle, who was a beekeeper, found him a swarm - located about 10 metres up a tree. Brent was given a half suit and positioned under the swarm, with instructions to catch the bees in a box, while the uncle clambered up the tree to dislodge the insects. Somehow, Brent managed to catch the queen, and the beekeeper told him to put the box down, and that the rest of the swarm would soon follow, which they did. Today, Brent has his own podcast called ‘Breeding the Honey Bee’, which is named after the famous book written by Brother Adam. He has recorded 11 episodes to date, including an interview with the head beekeeper at Buckfast Abbey. Ben is quizzed about the development of his business and the transition from part-time to his main source of income. He says he started off slowly and built his business on diversification; he vividly remembers making beeswax candles in his kitchen and struggling to clean the wax off the lino floor (Brent interjects that he thinks he ruined the plumbing in his first house as some beeswax went down the sink). Ben goes on to say that one of the main problems is that the business is so seasonal, and that he struggled to get through the winter in the early years. He cautions that he has seen beekeeping businesses go too hard and too quick, and ultimately fall over. https://nixonqueenbees.com.au/?fbclid=IwAR3LekNglAfD_R-psKhjH102qzkBorcgBHJqcJ6D8e5NAqiyKgroh9sFL1k https://nixonqueenbees.com.au/pages/podcast?fbclid=IwAR0vDUhGW0Axip2VCqp4TEi7tK6rQa06rWOAC-XQINwri6qXuSUUdeXn3G8 https://www.facebook.com/groups/1150361712418055

In this week’s episode of the Bees with Ben podcast, Ben is fortunate to have as his guest a man with a wealth of experience in all areas of the beekeeping industry, with a glittering array of credentials! Steve Fuller is an Executive Councillor of the NSW Apiarists’ Association Inc., President of the Northern Coast branch of NSWAA, an Advisory panel member for Agrifutures’ Australia (Honey Bee and Pollination), Secretary of the Crop Pollination Association of Australia, and a participant in the 5 BEES programme run by Wheen Bee. Phew! Along with his brother Wayne, he owns and operates Bee Services in northern NSW, which has been in business for more than 40 years producing organic honey and offering pollination services for a wide variety of crops. The company currently manages about 5,000 hives and has around 20 employees. Steve outlines his fascinating journey in the beekeeping industry, and his absolute love for bees, but it is his unique perspective as an industry leader, and business owner, with respect to the varroa outbreak in NSW last year that dominates the podcast. Steve reveals that prior to the discovery of varroa in Australia on 22 June last year he was already prepping his business for the possibility of a varroa incursion, because he thought it was likely to happen sooner rather than later. Incredibly, although he was told of the outbreak as soon as it was discovered, he was not able to say anything about it for 3 days, until sufficient infrastructure was in place. On day 4, after attending a conference in Queensland, Steve drove to the Local Command Centre (LCC) in Maitland The bee industry had plans in place for many years, but Steve stresses that a plan, no matter how detailed or effective, is not the same as the real thing. Plus, most of the people in bee organizations are volunteers with their own businesses to think about. Early on the DPI engaged the services of rural firefighters, who have considerable experience managing disasters. Steve was working 7 days straight before being forced to have 2 days off. Steve says that inspecting hives in those early days wasn’t a problem; the problem was identifying where hives were, so that there was a real chance of encircling and eventually eliminating the outbreak. He tells Ben that feral hives are the hardest to control because they can be anywhere, and that baiting is not effective unless the bees have no other food source. By September 2022, Steve was already conceding that total elimination of the mites may not be possible. The stark reality is that just one mite on the back of a truck can spread the infestation anywhere in the country, as female mites are already pregnant when they leave the cells in brood comb. Steve was still working at the LLC when he was told of the discovery of varroa in his own backyard - in the berry producing area around Coffs Harbour. For those who think life is easy as a beekeeper, Steve lost 1,400 hives in the bushfires, then 200 more in the north coast floods the following year, and another 800 in further flooding. He had 300 hives euthanized in a red zone of the varroa outbreak and lost another 2-300 due to mismanagement associated with the outbreak. Although he was reimbursed for the hives that were euthanized, he was only paid what the hives were worth, and not recompensed for the income that they would have generated. He had another 600 hives in the purple zone, and reckons he lost about $1 million by having bees caught up in that area.

Today’s very special guest on the Bees with Ben podcast is Corinne Jordan from The Bee Lady Apiaries (visit honeybeelady.com). Corinne founded this family-owned business in 2008 after initially researching beekeeping as a potential vocation for her son (who subsequently proved to be allergic to bee venom) and then developing a passion for honey bees herself! Located about halfway between Brisbane and the Gold Coast, at the mouth of the Logan River, she is blessed with near perfect weather and an extended beekeeping season. This suited her interest in breeding queens, and around 2012 she decided to refocus from honey production (with an apiary containing 50-100 hives) to selective breeding and queen production. In her ideal climate, queen breeding can take place just about all year round. Corinne says it takes determination, resilience, good record keeping and keen observational skills to be a successful queen breeder, as well as fine motor control, and that the bees must always come first. She says that it requires a lot of effort for little financial reward, but that the greatest rewards are derived through resultant stock improvements. She tells Ben that breeding is an evolving activity, since it is impossible to focus on a range of traits at any one time; she is currently working on resistance to chalkbrood and EFB. All her breeding is conducted by instrumental insemination. She catches the drones on their return from mating flights, then extracts the semen and inserts this into virgin queens that have been first anaesthetised with carbon dioxide. The queens generally start to lay just 5 days later. Corinne produces an average of about 150 queens per season, and still to this day struggles with introducing the artificially inseminated queens to their hives, as colonies often do not recognise them as they would a queen that has undergone a normal mating flight. In her short down season (usually between May to July), one of Corinne’s pastimes is to catch up on bee research around the world. It was in this way that she discovered the work of Dr Kaira Wagoner (of the University of North Carolina) on varroa sensitive hygiene. Essentially, this refers to the ability of some bees to detect the presence of the varroa mite in brood, whereupon they uncap the cells and remove infected larvae, thereby breaking the mites’ breeding cycle. One of the difficulties in selecting for varroa resistance in Australia has always been that we have had no active mite population, however, Corinne remained intrigued by the prospect of breeding resistant stock (she had been selecting for hygienic behaviour in general since 2014), in part since she was convinced that varroa would one day inevitably reach Australia. Dr Wagoner’s research identified elevated levels of 2 hydrocarbons in brood infected with varroa; she managed to synthesize these compounds and produce a spray which could be applied to brood capping. Bees which exhibit varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) will recognise the odour of these chemicals just as if varroa was present and eliminate the brood accordingly. This is something of a game changer since it does not require the presence of the mites to test for VSH. Corinne subsequently reached out to Dr Wagoner and has been included in field tests for the spray. Initial tests indicate that about 4% of honey bee colonies exhibit VSH, however Corinne is now seeking funding for large-scale trials - she estimates it will cost about $250,000 for the first year, and has set up a special website for the project, beegenetics.com Corinne is well placed to conduct this research with a number of unique assets. She has a proven track record, insemination skills and an apiary with high quality stock. She has the support of industry groups as well as 'Flow' and will donate the resultant queens to raise further funds. If you are able to assist with this vital project, please head to beegenetics.com for further details.

Ben’s guest in this episode of the Bees with Ben podcast is Simon Wynn-Taylor from Steritech. The company’s website (steritech.com.au) details some of the history of this family-owned Australian business, which emerged in Melbourne in the 1970s as the pioneer for gamma irradiation processing and has continued to pave the way for sterilization and decontamination processing. Steritech now operates 3 gamma irradiation plants and 6 ethylene oxide sterilization chambers across 4 sites in Melbourne, New South Wales and Queensland, and is the most prominent contract sterilization and decontamination processor in the Asia-Pacific region, and one of the world’s largest. The business services an extensive variety of industries and companies worldwide and routinely processes over 1,000 different products. For the agricultural sector, this means the safe and effective elimination of contamination and pests, in order to meet biosecurity and quarantine requirements and allow export both within Australia and overseas. Steritech introduced the first whole pallet irradiator customised to treat fresh fruits and vegetables in the world, located in Queensland. The facility provides phytosanitary treatments for fresh produce that does not require the cold chain to be broken during treatment and is a valuable tool for pursuing the highest possible quality and freshness. Similarly, Steritech’s sterilization processes have important applications in the fields of medicine, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics by minimizing any risks associated with microbiological contamination. The company provides essential treatments for imported goods, as well as assisting to keep a large range of pet foods and packaging also free from contamination. But what about beekeepers? Well, gamma radiation has been proven to be the most effective method of eliminating pathogens and insects from contaminated equipment, meaning that in many instances beekeepers can avoid the costly exercise of replacing hives. Gamma irradiation kills small hive beetle, American foulbrood and European foulbrood, amongst other pests, and is used by many beekeepers as an important form of regular maintenance. Incidentally, it was back in 1982, during a large outbreak of AFB, that Steritech was involved in the first commercial gamma irradiation of bee boxes in the world, when 1,400 boxes were treated as an alternative to simply burning them. Since then, Steritech has successfully treated hundreds of thousands of hives, and the process is recognized by all relevant state departments as a proven method of eliminating AFB and EFB. Unlike chemical treatments, which may not reach every part of the equipment, gamma irradiation penetrates all areas of the bee equipment and leaves no residues. Ben says he gets about half a dozen pallets ‘zapped’ per year and has been using the process for many years. Simon operates from the relatively new facility in Maryfield, on the northern outskirts of Melbourne, which is situated about 20 minutes from the large fresh produce market at Epping. Sterilization treatments are particularly instrumental in preventing the spread of fruit fly and thereby ensuring that local produce can be exported to other important markets. Simon says the concrete bunker at Maryfield which ensures that all radiation is contained has walls up to 5 metres thick, and that the amount of concrete used in its construction was equivalent to one concrete truck every 30 minutes for 30 days! He says it is important to remember that Steritech is happy to service all customers - down to the smallest of beekeepers. And the strangest thing he has had to treat? It’s hard to beat the Swedish metal band whose guitars had to be irradiated since they were covered in animal blood! For further details visit steritech.com.au

This week’s fascinating episode of the Bees with Ben podcast features Dr Bridget Goodwin from the Australian Apitherapy Association (go to apitherapyaustralia.net). For those listeners unfamiliar with apitherapy, this involves the ‘use of products from the bee hive as medicine’. Dr Goodwin explains that there is a tendency for people to view bee products as rather innocuous whereas they are in fact medicinally highly active. The Australian Apitherapy Association website details that apitherapy has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for 5,000 years (it was the original form of acupuncture) and was used by the ancient Egyptians. In the modern day, apitherapy is an accepted part of the national medical system of many countries. Korea, Turkey, Romania, and Japan all have established apitherapy practices and even hospitals. So, Australia is perhaps a little behind in this regard. Everything that bees make has medicinal applications, and the beneficial properties of bee pollen, bee venom, royal jelly, propolis and apilarnil (drone larvae) are well established. Unlike some forms of alternative medicine, apitherapy is backed by some incredible scientific research. For example, in 2020 the young West Australian PhD scholar, Dr Ciara Duffy, made world news with her research on how bee venom shrinks breast cancer tumours. Earlier in 2016, Sydney University chemist, Professor Colin Duke, published extensively on the tumour shrinking properties of Kangaroo Island propolis. Apitherapy may be used to combat cancer and to heal wounds, as well as in dentistry and veterinary science. Dr Goodwin tells Ben that the ‘bees found her’ rather by accident just before the Covid lockdowns when she was asked to work on a patient’s skin cancer. She had been researching Korean skin care preparations including bee products and decided to give something similar as after care. The results were astonishing - the patient’s skin healed beautifully with no scarring - so Dr Goodwin was left pondering what had happened and embarked on further research into apitherapy. This led to training with international expert Dr Stefan Stangaciu of Romania (who can be found on apitherapy.com), a thesis on treating basal cell carcinoma with bee products and eventually to the formation of the Australian Apitherapy Association. Since then, by her own admission Dr Goodwin has been swept up by the bee community and the Australian Apitherapy Association has established important links internationally. Dr Goodwin credits increased interest in apitherapy in part with the increasing failure of antibiotics, and the World Health Organisation has encouraged member nations to seek alternative medications. She says bee products have the advantage of being completely natural and non-toxic; bees naturally seek out medicinal plants and incorporate beneficial compounds into the products they manufacture. The use of honey in hospitals to assist in healing wounds is widespread and common knowledge, but for more than 20 years a professor of pediatrics in Egypt has been treating asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia in children by nebulizing honey. He has also used honey to treat cataracts. There is so much absorbing information crammed into this podcast - like the advent of apitourism in Europe and ‘bee hive air therapy’, which involves merely breathing in air from a hive and has been shown to be very helpful for people suffering from long Covid and chronic pulmonary disease. The Australian Apitherapy Association is a voluntary organization and relies on the support of the public. Membership is only $120, and the 3 rd conference is to be held by Zoom in November. On July 1 and 2 this year, the Association is proud to offer some very special training with none other than Dr Stefan Stangaciu himself in Hahndorf, South Australia. Visit apitherapyaustralia.net

This week’s episode of the Bees with Ben podcast features Michael Colvin of ‘High Meadow’. Michael was born and bred in Guyra, on top of the Great Dividing Range in the New England region of NSW. He was raised on a fine wool property near the small town of Wards Mistake, and has a passion for regenerative agriculture, having managed organic beef and sheep enterprises. Michael also loves his bees and is the President of the New England branch of the Amateur Beekeepers Association. For the last 12 years, Michael has been employed in a full-time capacity as a fencer; about 6 months ago he purchased a small excavator in order to diversify somewhat. About 3 or 4 years back, he also started up a small business selling local ‘cold country’ honey. High Meadow is actually the family farm situated near Guyra at an altitude of 1300 m above sea level, which results in mild summers and cool winters. The business produces raw, unfiltered honey from chemical free hives located on selected sites across the Northern Tablelands from Dorrigo in the east to Inverell in the west. The High Meadow website, highmeadow.com.au, explains that the bees are only kept on sites where the land managers practice chemical free, regenerative agriculture. High Meadow honey is harvested during a limited season and is said to have a truly local flavour and pollen profile. It is cold extracted, raw and unfiltered to preserve the delicate aromas and enzymes, as well as the natural yeasts and pollens. Michael describes his location as being ‘a little north of halfway between Brisbane and Sydney and about two-and-a-half hours’ inland from Coffs Harbour’. He says he currently maintains just under 50 hives and had an awesome season last spring and summer, with a yield of about 16 kg per 8 frames. Guyra is notable for having the highest caravan park in Australia, and routinely gets a couple of inches of snow in winter. Michael says it’s not easy to keep bees in this area because there is such a short warm season; from Christmas onwards this necessitates making sure the bees have enough supplies to get them through to next spring. Once the queen starts laying in spring, the advent of a cold snap can see a hive run through a full box of honey within 2-3 weeks. The bulk of Michael’s bees are therefore now located at a site which is around 6 degrees warmer, where they cruise through winter without a problem. Michael tells us that he has not been directly impacted by the varroa mite incursion in northern NSW; in the first couple of weeks after the mites were identified he travelled to Newcastle and spent 4 days working as a volunteer inspecting hives. He says he had a great time and met a lot of interesting people. He also relays that to date it is estimated that just over 2,100 volunteers have contributed the equivalent of 47 years of hours worked towards controlling the outbreak. Michael is quietly confident that we will eventually eliminate the mites; he’s got a ‘good feeling that we will get round it’. When asked about his aspirations for the business, Michael replies that he would like to build it up to the point where he no longer has to fence; he says that he doesn’t want to go too quick, as he doesn’t want to sell bulk honey if possible. He and his partner Alison, a Research Fellow at the University of New England, do everything themselves (Alison loves the business side of the enterprise) and they are gaining some good traction locally. Last weekend they went to Moree to attend a festival, where they had a great reception and picked up another stockist for their products. In fact, the highmeadow.com.au website lists a dozen stockists across the New England region. Runny honey, creamed honey, honeycomb and pure beeswax may also be purchased online from the website. https://www.highmeadow.com.au/

Ben’s special guest this week on the Bees with Ben podcast is Stuart Sutherland from Electrotherm Pty Ltd. Electrotherm is an Australian manufacturer of specialized industrial heater jackets and pads. The company was established in 1991 with the aim of introducing energy efficiency to the traditional industrial heating market; their customer base includes industry, government, defence and research. And these unique heater jackets have an important application in the honey industry. As Ben explains, there is nothing more infuriating than when your honey stocks turn brick-hard in winter. Stuart tells us that he originally hails from south Wales (not New South Wales) and started his working life as a carpenter, working in joinery workshops across the UK producing stairs, windows and period mouldings before moving into shopfitting and a stint building boats in South Africa. Electrotherm was started by Mike Bell, an electrical engineer, who Stuart describes as a very inventive man, and Stuart took over the business about a year ago. Whereas many heating products utilize an element that is essentially a curly wire, Electrotherm’s products employ a very different carbon graphite element that looks like a black cloth and was originally developed to prevent icing in the wingtips of aircraft (it is also used as subfloor heating for houses in Europe). This has great advantages over the resistance wire format. Electrotherm is very thorough in its product development and employs stringent quality control The heater jackets are made from a very tough PVC-coated fabric - they must be able to tolerate considerable heat as the jackets can get up to 90 o C. Based in Seaford, near Melbourne. Electrotherm’s products are popular within the honey industry, as well as industrial chemistry, where heater jackets are commonly used to ensure glues, epoxy resins, polyurethanes and the like do not get too viscous in colder weather. Another of their customers uses heater jackets on skin creams and pharmaceuticals so that they do not become hard and difficult to work with. Electrotherm are always looking to improve and expand their product range, and are happy to take on custom work. Stuart will also be displaying his products at the Victorian Apiarists’ Association annual conference in Bendigo from 5-7 July. He views this as a great opportunity to meet people and to listen to his customers, which in turn will help to refine his product. And Stuart also has a very special offer for all of Ben’s listeners, but you will need to wait for the end of the podcast to hear it! For more information about Electrotherm’s innovative products visit: electrotherm.com.au And to find out more about the 122 nd VAA Annual Conference go to: https://www.vicbeekeepers.com.au/page-18116 https://electrotherm.com.au/

This week’s guest on the Bees with Ben podcast is Helen Charles from friendswithhoney.com.au. Helen is passionate about educating people about bees and has recently been working on a community project to encourage bees in a permaculture garden. She even roped in the local men’s shed in Brighton East to help construct the hives, and apparently the men had a ball! Helen explains that she has always been interested in nature and was introduced to bees by family members in Canada who run a commercial beekeeping enterprise. She was also into gardening and noticed a lot of bees in her area; she joined a local beekeeping club, got some bees from Ben, and hasn’t looked back! She says she loves the fact that she is always learning. Helen’s website, friendswithhoney.com.au, extols the principals of biodiversity, sustainability, pollination and citizen science, and is devoted to developing and delivering programs, experiences, events and workshops that link these themes with beekeeping. She explains to Ben that citizen science is all about offering the power of science to people and allowing members of the public to make a contribution. She has been working on an app called inaturalist that allows the user to upload data, which is then analyzed and added to the Atlas of Living Australia, an important tool for scientists and land managers. New species have even been identified through this process. Helen obviously loves sharing her knowledge of bees; she is also a certified permaculture designer and the list of programs and events on the friendswithhoney website include a course on basic beekeeping and a series of workshops entitled the ‘Powerful Pollinators Program’. A ‘Bee for biodiversity workshop’ examines the differences between native bees and introduced bees, as well as delving into the history of the honey bee in Australia and detailing how to support our hard- working pollinators. Along with her hives in suburbia, Helen also has an apiary in regional Victoria at Amphitheatre in the Goldfields region, which is located on rural conservation land. Unlike urban Melbourne, where there is a relatively constant supply of floral resources, Helen says this presents somewhat of a challenge in rural Victoria, and she has been busy planting native species of vegetation that will create resources for the bees to forage on throughout the year, her main goal being pollination rather than honey production. Finally, Helen and her partner Ben - who is an award-winning country singer and musician – have a very special event planned for World Bee Day on May 20. They have been composing some cool songs about bees and are performing a special kids’ show at the Arcobar at 10:00am (located at 8 Arco Lane, Heatherton). This free special event should be a blast, so get along and have a waggle dance with Helen and Ben! Further details at the www.friendswithhoney.com.au website or at arcobar.com.au

Ben is back, with a new edition of the Bees with Ben podcast! A scheduled break of around 2 weeks quickly turned into over 3 months, with a hectic season that really finished with a bang. In fact, Ben has just pulled the last boxes of honey from his hives, with a fantastic season of mealy stringybark (Eucalyptus cephalocarpa) in the Yarra Valley. Stringybark honey is relatively slow to crystallize, and Ben has a good income stream selling honeycomb. Much of the demand is in late winter and early spring (when people start to get hay fever), so to avoid crystallization during storage (crystallized honey has a sandy texture and is not as attractive on the shelf), Ben freezes the honeycomb, which does not denature the product and results in perfect honeycomb once thawed. Ben has also recently been busy controlling European wasps around Melbourne. These pests not only have a painful sting but can give the local honey bees a hard time. Fortunately, they have a very limited foraging radius - only about 150 metres - so it is not usually too difficult to locate their nest sites. European wasps are extremely invasive, and a colony is capable of producing around 50 queens. Plus, they love warm weather, and with Australia heading into a new phase of el nino, it’s likely to be a very busy season ahead. After 3 years of wet and windy la nina weather patterns, Australian beekeepers are all too familiar with the need to provide supplementary food to bees, so it is particularly appropriate that Ben’s guest in this episode is George from Mineral Bee (www.mineralbee.com.au). Although now a resident of Sydney’s northern beaches, George originally hails from Limerick in Ireland; he remembers being fascinated by his neighbour’s beekeeping activities, and acquired his first hive at the age of 8. He explains that in Ireland, honey bees hibernate during winter, and the hives are constructed somewhat differently to cope with the colder environment. Irish bees are adapted to the climate and are quite black and a little more aggressive than Australian honey bees. In Ireland it is impossible to avoid supplementary feeding, but sugar syrup alone has none of the minerals and trace elements present in honey or pollen; Mineral Bee was born out of a desire to create an additive which would make sugar syrup equivalent to honey. Rather than use synthetic ingredients, an entirely natural and organic product was developed using minerals and trace elements sourced from seawater. These are carefully extracted by a process which avoids denaturing or degrading these essential substances. The result is a product which, when added to sugar syrup or drinking water at the rate of 10ml per litre, mirrors the mineral and trace element content of pollen and honey. And the bees love it!

Its been over 3 months since the last Bees With Ben Podcast! Stay tuned over the coming weeks as we have some incredible guests lined up!

Earlier this year NSW DPI detected Varroa mite in surveillance hives at the Port of Newcastle, and then subsequent areas following more hive inspections. NSW DPI then released the Biosecurity (Varroa mite) Emergency Order 2022 in an attempt to eradicate this parasite that has the potential to seriously impact the Australian Honeybee Industry. This week we chat to Ben Moore from Ben's Bees (our resident bee guru) to get the latest updates on the Varroa Mite outbreak status, we chat about the biology of this parasite, the lead up to where we are now, the future of our honey bee industry but more importantly what our obligations as pest managers are. What can and should we be doing to prevent the spread of Varroa Mite. This episode is a must listen for any pest manager that deals with bees and especially if you are based in NSW! Familiarise yourself with the Varroa mite emergency zone map and get the latest updates here- https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/emergencies/biosecurity/current-situation/varroa-mite-emergency-response https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/pestie-profiles/id1586241937

Episode 107 of the Bees with Ben podcast is likely to be the last for two or three months, as spring has sprung and Ben is busy contending with his usual hectic workload at this time of year. This episode is also a little different, as Ben gives us some insight into his journey thus far and offers some advice for those possibly thinking of setting up a beekeeping business. First of all, it’s hard work; Ben tells us that his next day off is likely to be Christmas Day, so you have to love the bees to be in this business. Back to beginnings. As a chef in the 90s, at one stage Ben used to work 90 hours per week, with two full-time jobs. Perhaps that was partly responsible for reinforcing the work ethic that is required as a beekeeper, but working nights with a young family certainly wasn’t ideal. Ben had always been interested in strange critters, and in 2004 he was offered a job at Amazing Amazon, a shop in Melbourne that deals in unusual pets like reptiles, fish, spiders and the like. Four days into cleaning fish tanks, Ben was wondering why he had swapped cooking for celebrities for the bottom of the barrel in a pet shop, but he persevered and eventually became the manager of the business. In his downtime he ran a few bee hives, but by about 2008 he was getting right into bees, catching a few swarms, selling bees, etc. The bees started to take over, and Ben went from five days a week at the pet shop to four and then three. Then one day about six years ago, the owner of the shop wanted to talk to Ben about the wages bill, and Ben told him that he simply couldn’t do it anymore. And with that he became a full-time beekeeper. Initially, things went well; the income from removing swarms was good, and Ben also started eradicating European wasps (people were often calling him for bees mistakenly, when they had a wasp infestation), and this necessitated accreditation with a pest control license. Incidentally, Ben believes it is important to charge for removal of swarms; it is, after all, a service which requires appropriate expertise and equipment, plus insurance, certifications, etc., all of which cost money. Anyway, after about Easter, things started to go quiet. Ben had been pouring money back into his business but was forced to max out a $40,000 credit card limit to make ends meet. Fortunately, soon it was September again, and along came some lucrative pollination jobs. Ben points to the importance of diversification, of finding your niche and of working with people and finding people you can work with - even if they are from completely different industries. He also learnt a valuable lesson from the only bad review he has received. One day, when it was hot and the bees were stinging, a man rang Ben’s mobile for a chat. Ben made the mistake of answering the phone but his manner was (perhaps understandably) a little short and sweet. Consequently, now Ben doesn’t answer the phone unless he can give the caller his full and undivided attention. Ben has some valuable tips about marketing and branding too; he says that every post he puts on social media is evaluated by three criteria; it must entertain, educate and inspire. He cautions against undervaluing both yourself and the bees (“If you’re too cheap, it’s a race to the bottom”) and underscores the value of excellent service, and of staying positive (“Don’t think negative thoughts….be excited, because the job we do as a beekeeper is a marvelous job”). Ben says that he is still learning and evolving, and reveals that he once even went to comedy school in an effort to make his interactions with customers more memorable! www.bensbees.com.au

Ben Moore is one of the top bee keepers in Australia and has been on the podcast before on episode 16, discussing homelessness, prior careers, police raids and his passion for all things Bees.  Given the incredibly serious invasive pest new to Australian shores, the Varroa Mite, we chat what is being done to combat the pest and the impact on the food production if we don’t. Plus we talk why some people are risk adverse when it comes to following their passion. Check Out The Podcast, One Moment Please  We all have fear. Some are consumed by it, others overcome it. Our inspiring guests take a moment to share their stories of how they have overcome adversity and achieved success. We hope it motivates you to overcome your fears and achieve your full potential. The guests are varied. Some of which include those leaving the corporate world to become entrepreneurs to ex-prison officers, army parachuting accident survivor turned YouTuber to ex-spies and a Victoria Cross awarded Army officer just to list a few. Enjoy! https://onemomentpleasepodcast.com https://www.facebook.com/OneMomentPleasePodcast https://www.instagram.com/onemomentpleasepodcast/?hl=en

When we last met Kristofer Fricke, some months back in episode 94 of the Bees with Ben podcast, he was preparing to head to Africa to work on a couple of beekeeping aid projects. Well, he has just got back, and Ben couldn’t wait to hear what he has been up to. This episode of the podcast is also being broadcast on YouTube, and Kris is aptly dressed for the occasion in what he describes as a ‘Ghanaian smock’. Ghana was in fact his first stop, where he was to spend three weeks working on a project funded by the German government, in partnership with QSI, a major European food testing laboratory. The objective was to make Ghanaian honey fit for export, and the enterprise was rather unimaginatively entitled the ‘Make Ghanaian honey fit for export project’! The problem was that although Ghana has lots of beekeepers that are reasonably proficient at their craft, the honey simply doesn’t measure up to international standards. Kris stayed a week in three different locations talking to groups of 50-70 trainees about the best practices for harvesting honey, as well as common problems associated with the top bar hives, which are universally used by Ghanaian beekeepers. Quality issues are created by the common practice of harvesting honey at night - primarily because the bees are less aggressive. However, in the dark, it is easy for beekeepers to contaminate the honey with brood, or uncapped honey. Kris says that he saw a lot of honey that was cloudy - indicating the presence of brood - and tasted some which was part fermented, or unripe. Testing also indicated the presence of significant amounts of smoke in the honey, but Kris doesn’t believe this is attributable to the use of smokers. It is more likely to be due to the traditional method of lighting a fire under the hive to chase the bees out before harvesting honey. Undaunted by the beekeepers’ reluctance to work their hives during daylight hours, on the first day Kris inspected some hive in which the bees did indeed seem quite agitated. On the second day, three hives were opened. The first two were reasonably easy to manage, but the third quickly became very aggressive. Kris admits to perhaps becoming a little complacent due to his previous experiences in Africa, and was unwilling to admit defeat due to the adverse effect this would have on the local beekeepers, so he attempted to power through, but was soon forced to abort as people within a 200-metre radius were being harassed by the bees. It took 45 minutes for the enraged insects to calm down! A similar incident happened the next day, at a different location. Invoking the mantra that ‘I do not run from bees’ Kris was attempting to beat a dignified retreat from an angry hive, but soon his face became covered in bees, and he was forced to run for it. These events compelled Kris to admit that Ghanaian bees were far more aggressive than those that he had experienced in other parts of Africa. Consequently, after that, hives were generally opened in the last hour of daylight, and not around people working, and there were no further problems. The local beekeepers were convinced that their bees would be more docile in the early morning, so they also ended up opening a lot of hives between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. and this worked quite well.

Episode 104 of the Bees with Ben podcast documents the extraordinary progress of a ground- breaking Australian small business. Against all odds, they launched their product just a week before Covid restrictions were announced in February 2020. John McArthur, of Banana Feeds Australia, says that he and his business partner, Robert Borsato (who is a third generation banana grower), were sick of seeing high quality bananas being downgraded because of minor skin blemishes, or the wrong shape, and decided to look further afield to find uses for this product. The Banana Feeds Australia website notes that for centuries, bananas have played a vital role in the healthy diet of both humans and animals alike and have been used by many elite athletes to help achieve peak performance. The business owners decided initially to focus on the possibilities of an equine supplement, but research was hard to find. Bananas had been shown to reduce the incidence of ulcers in rats, and to assist to prevent mastitis in dairy cattle, but this was unlikely to convince racehorse owners to try a product made entirely from dehydrated green bananas. So a research project was undertaken with the University of Adelaide, in an effort to identify and analyse the beneficial components of green bananas. In contrast to ripe bananas, which have a much higher sugar content, green bananas are high in carbohydrates. They also contain beneficial polyphenols and flavonoids, along with dopamine and serotonin, all of which are chiefly found in the peel. Banana Feeds Australia then constructed a state of the art factory in Far North Queensland, where whole green bananas (including peel, stems and flower ends) are washed, sliced, dried (raw bananas consist of 85-90% water) and then milled in a simple and safe process that produces a product that can easily be shipped anywhere in the world. B-Complete, the initial equine supplement, was launched with very little marketing and promotion; as John says, when you have a world-first product it’s ‘pretty important’ to be able to travel, in order to tell people about it, and this was impossible at the time. Nevertheless, B-Complete took off, thanks to some fantastic results and endorsements - a Blue Diamond Stakes winner was among the horses to have used the product. It wasn’t long before dog breeders and greyhound trainers started to purchase the equine supplement, and this soon resulted in B-Complete for dogs, which is milled to a somewhat finer consistency. So how, exactly, is this relevant to bees? Well, Banana Feeds Australia received a telephone call from a well-known apiary in Tasmania, which had experienced some beneficial effects using green bananas in the bottom of hives (although no-one quite understood why), with a request to provide their product in a powdered form. Trials of the green banana powder were overwhelmingly positive; the apiary used the product on some of their weakest hives, and these subsequently became their best performing colonies. General colony health and strength was enhanced, and chalkbrood eliminated. Similar feedback came from other beekeepers, and so 'Bee-Complete’ powdered supplement became a reality. The product may be sprinkled over the top of frames or used for open feeding. Many apiarists choose to use it as a supplement in the off season, in order to strengthen colonies, but it has proved effective all year round. https://www.bananafeedsaustralia.com/

Antony Adare from Natural Life is our featured guest on episode 103 of the Bees with Ben podcast. Almost 30 years ago the chance discovery of a native beehive in a Sydney backyard developed into a daily source of fascination for Antony, who soon established a hobby hive for himself. Then in 1994, a Japanese scientist published a paper extolling the anticarcinogenic properties of propolis, which resulted in booming sales in Japan, where a small bottle of propolis could sell for up to $800. Having used propolis to treat cuts, abrasions and sore throats in his own family, Antony knew that it worked. He began to talk to people in the industry, and eventually launched his first two products, a propolis and manuka honey spray and a propolis tincture; so in 1996 the Natural Life brand was born. Antony managed to get those first two products onto shelves in Sydney airport, which proved a masterstroke, as a single Japanese tourist would often purchase all the stock, meaning there was little need for marketing! Over time, new products were added including royal jelly capsules, propolis candy and toothpaste and Australian manuka honey. Natural Life now sells to Singapore, Malaysia, the UAE, Vietnam and Kuwait, as well as to Japan, China and Korea. There is also a solid customer base in the Middle East, and prior to the onset of Covid, Natural Life’s products were in all duty free stores and Asian markets around Australia. Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) regulations are amongst the toughest in the world, and Natural Life works continuously with manufacturers, suppliers and regulators to ensure the products remain of premium quality and potent activity. But it hasn’t all been plain sailing. Retail closures due to Covid resulted in a 40% drop in sales. Antony recalls that the whole travel industry ‘evaporated’ meaning that he had to push the online side of the business. And although the airports have reopened, we are yet to see a real influx of Asian tourists, who traditionally drive sales. Furthermore, Antony says whereas propolis is big in pharmacies across Europe, he is banging his head against a wall trying to get propolis products into health food stores in this country. Consequently, he has taken it upon himself to educate Australians about the benefits of propolis, in the hope of generating a significant domestic market. Antony says he would love see propolis in more stores, as this would increase demand, which in turn would provide extra income for beekeepers. Just before Covid struck, Natural Life released their ‘Wild Bee’ skin care range, which is 100% Australian produced, and combines royal jelly, propolis from native stingless bees, Australian manuka honey and botanicals collected by Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory. www.naturallife.com.au

Originally from Brazil, Karen Santos was an undergraduate biology student when she volunteered for an intern project working with beekeepers and palynologists (who specialise in the study of pollen) to examine the diet of honey bees on the Brazilian savannah in 2012. This triggered a fascination with bees and led to further research, particularly in the different aspects of pollen ecology. In 2019, Karen moved to Australia to continue her research as a PhD candidate at the University of New England; her main interests involve understanding the diverse effects of large crops on native vegetation, together with the behaviour and efficiency of pollinators within these crops. She presented an intriguing paper at the 4 th Australian Bee Congress in April of this year and is our very special guest on episode 102 of the Bees with Ben podcast. Karen says it was exciting to be able to return to conferences after Covid lock downs; she normally attends more ecology-based forums, and the Bee Congress provided an opportunity to learn about different research and to chat with a variety of people, including beekeepers. She explains that she had zero knowledge about bees when she embarked on that first project in 2012. This involved analysing pollen grains collected in pollen traps amongst colonies of Africanised honey bees to determine what sort of resources they were collecting in a given area. Although people were telling her that the bees were ‘crazy’ or ‘killers’, Karen had nothing to compare them to at the time. She does acknowledge that precautions had to be taken to ensure the bees did not become agitated - such as avoiding noise or wearing perfume - and that Australian honey bees have a far more mild- mannered disposition and tend simply to ‘mind their own business’. Karen’s presentation at the Congress concerned the diet of bees in almond orchards and was based upon data collected in Victoria. The results were surprising, as although almond pollen is extremely attractive to honey bees (it is a good source of protein), the bees nevertheless also seek out and collect complimentary resources, even at the height of the flowering season. Results varied significantly between hives, but the lowest proportion of almond pollen encountered was around 62%. Karen is currently working on other crops including blueberries, blackberries, raspberries and apples, and was lucky to finish her PhD data collection just prior to the onset of Covid restrictions - particularly since she was working with blueberries at Coffs Harbour, which is now the subject of a varroa mite incursion. However, plans to visit apple farms in Queensland had to be abandoned in 2020 and again in 2021 due to border lockdowns. Eventually, Karen is hoping to conduct a fieldtrip to gather data on the pollen flow between apple cultivars. Like some almonds and blueberries, apples also require cross pollination, and growers often interplant two or three cultivars in the same area. Fluorescent pollen dye is used to track the movement of bees via UV light, which Karen says can create quite a beautiful scene at night.

 Episode 101 of the Bees with Ben podcast showcases the research of Dr Trong Tran, who lectures in chemistry at the University of the Sunshine Coast, and the magical substance known as propolis! Ben met Trong at the recent 4 th Australian Bee Congress in Sydney and knew immediately that his work on propolis would make for a fascinating chat. Propolis is well known to have antioxidant qualities that may have great therapeutic potential for humans. It helps promote healthy bee hives and can inhibit foulbroods and chalkbrood. Trong originally came to Australia from his native Vietnam 14 years ago to work on his Masters project, which involved searching for bioactive compounds that exhibited anticancer properties in marine organisms, with a special emphasis on attempting to identify compounds that may be valuable in the treatment of prostate cancer. He was awarded a PhD degree in Organic Chemistry from Griffith University in 2015, and then undertook postdoctoral research in the National Cancer Institute - US National Institutes of Health. In 2019 he was the recipient of an Australian Endeavour Executive Leadership Award. Trong has thereby gained extensive research experience in natural product drug discovery but explains to Ben that it can be a very long road from identifying a beneficial bioactive compound to getting it approved for human use; involving significant investment from pharmaceutical companies and substantial clinical research. A lot of time and expense can be spared by focussing on agricultural research - dealing with raw, natural products that are already consumed by humans with no ill effect. The raw material (rather than an isolated chemical compound) therefore becomes the product. Trong says this was part of the reason he switched the subject of his research to agriculture, and then specifically propolis, about 3 years back. Starting with propolis derived from native stingless bees, he was able to demonstrate wound healing properties; the propolis helped to improve scars and exhibited anti-scarring activity. Trong then turned his attention to honey bee propolis, aware that this could represent another significant source of income for beekeepers. The beneficial properties of propolis appear to derive largely from bioactive components of plant resins, in particular polyphenols. This large family of organic compounds is abundant amongst plant species. Trong tells Ben that most premium propolis contains a high level of polyphenolic compounds, which act as antioxidants and can assist in boosting immunity and in the treatment of diabetes and other conditions. How does one consume a daily dose of propolis? Trong says that some people like to make a tincture, but that this is best stored under cold and dark conditions. Propolis can also be processed into a powder which can be mixed into drinks or sold as capsules or tablets. And the appropriate amount? This is currently the subject of further research. The resins in Australian propolis are very different from those overseas. The recommended dosage for Brazilian green propolis, for example, is up to 500mg per day. However, when used as a treatment to boost immune function in Covid patients, 1500mg was used daily. Trong stresses that propolis is not a food, and that more research is required with Australian propolis to establish, for instance, if there is any toxicity associated with ingesting large quantities. He says that the propolis industry in Brazil has been going for 30 years, and that they are consequently far more advanced in understanding level of polyphenolic compounds.