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Medizinische Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 18/19

Role of the serotonin transporter and the 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 receptors for platelet function in blood

The field of serotonin (5-HT) research continues to expand. A variety of physiological and pathophysiological functions regulated by 5-HT has been identified. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and 5-HT-3-receptor antagonists are used in medical therapy, and more 5-HT-related medicaments are expected in the future. Circulating 5-HT is stored mainly in the dense granules of platelets. 5-HT stimulates platelets, which has been observed, apart from humans, in various other species. Therefore, the stimulatory effect of exogenous 5-HT in high concentrations (> 0.5 μM) on human platelets in blood is unambiguous. However, results of the platelet-stimulating effect of the endogenous 5-HT, which is stored in dense granules and released upon platelet activation, are contradictory. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the acute effect of SSRIs on human platelet aggregation, the role of the 5-HT2A receptor for platelet function in human blood, and the role of the newly discovered 5-HT4 receptor for platelet function. In some—but not all—clinical studies, SSRIs on the one hand have been suspected to cause bleeding complications, on the other hand they may protect against ischemic cardiovascular diseases. In our studies, the acute addition of the SSRI fluoxetine to blood, alone or in combination with aspirin, indeed inhibited the potentiation of platelet aggregation by exogenous 5-HT (probably by unspecific inhibition of 5-HT2A receptors), the platelet aggregation induced by physiological stimuli was, however, not affected. Therefore, we conclude that the serotonin transporter is not involved in the physiological platelet aggregation process. Yet, SSRIs could cause bleeding complications by reducing the platelet 5-HT content, consequently leading to a reduced 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction, or contribute to stomach ulcers by disruption of the 5-HT-mediated wound healing. Our results indicate that 5-HT2A receptors mediate the potentiation of aggregation of human platelets in the blood by exogenous 5-HT. However, 5-HT2A receptor antagonists do not inhibit platelet activation by physiological stimuli, shear stress, or flow over atherosclerotic plaque material. Therefore, endogenous 5-HT, which is released upon platelet activation, plays no role in human platelet aggregation. Finally, our studies support the expression of platelet-inhibiting 5-HT4 receptors. However, these played only a minor role in the regulation of human platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine. The question why platelet 5-HT plays a role in platelet aggregation of mice, rats, cats, rabbits, and dogs, but not of men, is intriguing, but has no explanation according to our present knowledge. Species-specific structural differences of the 5-HT2A receptors are suggested. Based on the current knowledge and our experiments, it can be concluded that human platelet function is not influenced by endogenous 5-HT, but platelets are important for transporting 5-HT in the blood to diseased organs and tissues. The absence of a stimulating action of endogenous 5-HT on platelets precludes the use of 5-HT2A receptor antagonists as anti-thrombotic medications.
Medizinische Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 18/19
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