Beneath the surface of the Moon lie vast underground caverns, some of which are miles long and wider than football fields, and they may make for excellent settlement sites. Go to https://brilliant.org/IsaacArthur/ to get a 30-day free trial and 20% off their annual subscription. Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Living In Lava Tubes Episode 443; April 18, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Beneath the surface of the Moon lie vast underground caverns, some of which are miles long and wider than football fields, and they may make for excellent settlement sites. Go to https://brilliant.org/IsaacArthur/ to get a 30-day free trial and 20% off their annual subscription. Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Living In Lava Tubes Episode 443; April 18, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

We are fascinated by portals between worlds, gateways between stars, wormholes through the fabric of reality, but could these be real, and if so, what would the civilizations using them be like? Watch my exclusive video Galactic Beacons: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-galactic-beacons Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Stargates Episode 442a; April 14, 2024  Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Donagh Broderick Merv Johnson II Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound Lombus, "Cosmic Soup" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

We are fascinated by portals between worlds, gateways between stars, wormholes through the fabric of reality, but could these be real, and if so, what would the civilizations using them be like? Watch my exclusive video Galactic Beacons: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-galactic-beacons Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Stargates Episode 442a; April 14, 2024  Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Donagh Broderick Merv Johnson II Graphics:  Ken York Jeremy Jozwik Sergio Botero Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound Lombus, "Cosmic Soup" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The galaxy is an immense and mysterious place we may one day explore and settle, but for now, we have only one planet, and the galaxy holds many dangers, so what can we do to defend Earth? Start Forging New Worlds: https://www.worldanvil.com/isaac-arthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Defending Earth Episode 442; April 11, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Jon Dagle Rod Pyle Dale Skran Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field" Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars" Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..." Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The galaxy is an immense and mysterious place we may one day explore and settle, but for now, we have only one planet, and the galaxy holds many dangers, so what can we do to defend Earth? Start Forging New Worlds: https://www.worldanvil.com/isaac-arthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Defending Earth Episode 442; April 11, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Jon Dagle Rod Pyle Dale Skran See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

We often worry that the reason we hear nothing in our search for extraterrestrial intelligence is that travel to other stars is just too hard, but what if a civilization decides it’s just too dangerous to allow? To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: The Fermi Paradox: The Cronus Scenarios  Episode 441; April 7, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Briana Brownell See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

We often worry that the reason we hear nothing in our search for extraterrestrial intelligence is that travel to other stars is just too hard, but what if a civilization decides it’s just too dangerous to allow? To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: The Fermi Paradox: The Cronus Scenarios  Episode 441; April 7, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Briana Brownell Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field" Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Space offers a variety of clean and abundant sources of power, but how can we get them down to Earth? And which are safe and economical? Watch my exclusive video Galactic Beacons: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-galactic-beacons Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Clean Energy From Space Episode 441; April 4, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Dale Skran & Rod Pyle Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Space offers a variety of clean and abundant sources of power, but how can we get them down to Earth? And which are safe and economical? Watch my exclusive video Galactic Beacons: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-galactic-beacons Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Clean Energy From Space Episode 441; April 4, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Dale Skran & Rod Pyle See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

One day humanity may settle countless worlds, but could any nation hope to govern multiple planets or even star systems? Watch my exclusive video Crystal Aliens https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-crystal-aliens Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur https://isdc.nss.org/volunteer-at-isdc/ Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Multi-Planetary Empires Episode 440a; March 31, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Donagh Broderick Briana Brownell Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

One day humanity may settle countless worlds, but could any nation hope to govern multiple planets or even star systems? Watch my exclusive video Crystal Aliens https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-crystal-aliens Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur https://isdc.nss.org/volunteer-at-isdc/ Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Multi-Planetary Empires Episode 440a; March 31, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Donagh Broderick Briana Brownell See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Black Holes can swallow anything, even light, and small black holes made from light itself may offer us abundant clean energy and a pathway to the stars. Learn more about the game and see it in action at https://upperstory.com/turingtumble/?utm_source=YouTube&utm_medium=XXXX Use the coupon code ISAACARTHUR for 10% off your total purchase Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Kugelblitz Black Holes Episode 440; March 28, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Black Holes can swallow anything, even light, and small black holes made from light itself may offer us abundant clean energy and a pathway to the stars. Learn more about the game and see it in action at https://upperstory.com/turingtumble/?utm_source=YouTube&utm_medium=XXXX Use the coupon code ISAACARTHUR for 10% off your total purchase Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Kugelblitz Black Holes Episode 440; March 28, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Life is incredibly complicated, but for most of Earth’s history it was much simpler. Is it possible the Universe is full of planets with very simple life, and complex organisms are rare? Use code isaacarthur at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: https://incogni.com/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: The Fermi Paradox: Rare Complexity Episode 439; March 21, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editor: Darius Said Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator Lombus, "Cosmic Soup" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Life is incredibly complicated, but for most of Earth’s history it was much simpler. Is it possible the Universe is full of planets with very simple life, and complex organisms are rare? Use code isaacarthur at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: https://incogni.com/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: The Fermi Paradox: Rare Complexity Episode 439; March 21, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editor: Darius Said See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

As ever more automation works its way into our legal system and courts, we must ask what challenges and advantages AI has in justice, and if AI will come to be our judge and jury. Watch my exclusive video Crystal Aliens hhttps://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-primordial-planets Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Automated Justice Episode 438a; March 17, 2024 Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Written by: Isaac Arthur & Mark Warburton Editors: Dillon Ollander & Konstantin Sokerin Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator Frank Dorittke, "Morninglight" Stellardrone, "A Moment of Stillness", "Blinking Star" Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", Aerium, "Deiljocht" Lombus, "Cosmic Soup", "Hydrogen Sonata" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

As ever more automation works its way into our legal system and courts, we must ask what challenges and advantages AI has in justice, and if AI will come to be our judge and jury. Watch my exclusive video Crystal Aliens hhttps://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-primordial-planets Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Automated Justice Episode 438a; March 17, 2024 Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Written by: Isaac Arthur & Mark Warburton Editors: Dillon Ollander & Konstantin Sokerin See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The Red Planet beckons us toward it, and the day draws closer when humans will walk on its dusty surface, and the moons of Mars, Phobos & Deimos, may be our gateway to that future. Learn more about the game and see it in action at https://upperstory.com/turingtumble/?utm_source=YouTube&utm_medium=XXXX Use the coupon code ISAACARTHUR for 10% off your total purchase Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Settling Mars: Phobos & Deimos Episode 438; March 14, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Israel Debro Music Courtesy of Epic Mountain, "Wave", "Zero Gravity" Frank Dorittke, "Morninglight" Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..." Ross Bugeden, "Interstellar" Marcus Warner, "Dance of the River Spirits" Stellardrone, "A Moment of Stillness", "Blinking Star", "Red Giant" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The Red Planet beckons us toward it, and the day draws closer when humans will walk on its dusty surface, and the moons of Mars, Phobos & Deimos, may be our gateway to that future. Learn more about the game and see it in action at https://upperstory.com/turingtumble/?utm_source=YouTube&utm_medium=XXXX Use the coupon code ISAACARTHUR for 10% off your total purchase Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/IsaacArthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-arthur Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1583992725237264/ Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/IsaacArthur/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/Isaac_A_Arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: https://discord.gg/53GAShE Credits: Settling Mars: Phobos & Deimos Episode 438; March 14, 2024 Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur Editors: Israel Debro See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.