Written by: Roland Walker, Paul Hamilton, and Sam Singh  "Operative techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery" 2nd edition (2017): Mark E. Easley

Written by: Paul Hamilton and Sam Singh "Operative techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery" 2nd edition (2017): Mark E. Easley

Written by: Sandro Giannini, Cesare Faldini, Francesca Vannini, Matteo Cadossi, and Deianira Luciana "Operative techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery" 2nd edition (2017): Mark E. Easley

Written by: James L. Beskin "Operative techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery" 2nd edition (2017): Mark E. Easley

Written by: Caio Nery  "Operative techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery" 2nd edition (2017): Mark E. Easley

Written by: Paul Hamilton, Sam Singh, and Michael G. Wilson  "Operative techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery" 2nd edition (2017): Mark E. Easley

1. Distal Chevron Osteotomy: Perspective 1  - by Hans-Joerg Trnka and Stefan G. Hofstaetter "Operative techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery" 2nd edition (2017): Mark E. Easley 

Coughlin MJ, Shurnas PS. Hallux rigidus: demographics, etiology, and radiographic assessment. Foot Ankle Int. 2003 Oct;24(10):731-43. doi: 10.1177/107110070302401002. PMID: 14587987.

Shane A, Reeves C, Wobst G, Thurston P. Second metatarsophalangeal joint pathology and freiberg disease. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2013 Jul;30(3):313-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2013.04.009. PMID: 23827490.

Shane A, Reeves C, Wobst G, Thurston P. Second metatarsophalangeal joint pathology and freiberg disease. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2013 Jul;30(3):313-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2013.04.009. PMID: 23827490.

Lareau CR, Anderson RB. Jones Fractures: Pathophysiology and Treatment. JBJS Rev. 2015 Jul 28;3(7):01874474-201503070-00004. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.N.00100. PMID: 27490145.

Peters PG, Adams SB Jr, Schon LC. Interdigital neuralgia. Foot Ankle Clin. 2011 Jun;16(2):305-15. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2011.01.010. Interdigital neuralgia affects a significant number of individuals, with an average age of presentation in the sixth decade and a 4- to 15-fold increased prevalence in women. Historical descriptions date back to the 19th century. Nonoperative treatment with shoe modifications, metatarsal pads, and injections provides relief for most, but long term, 60% to 70% of patients eventually elect to have surgery. Although excision can be performed through a dorsal or plantar approach, we prefer the dorsal incision to prevent scar formation on the plantar aspect of the foot. Satisfactory results are common but not certain with reports of excellent or good ranging from 51% to 93%.

Jesse F. Doty, MD & Michael J. Coughlin, MD Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability of the Lesser Toes and Plantar Plate Deficiency Journal of th American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: April 2014, Vol 22, No 4 Abstract: Our understanding of lesser toe metatarsophalangeal joint instability has increased substantially over the past few decades. Some recent articles on the subject have provided detailed anatomic descriptions that help to characterize the primary stabilizing structures of the joint. Some surgeons now advocate the incorporation of a primary repair of the plantar plate into the surgical plan for correction of metatarsophalangeal joint deviation in the sagittal and transverse planes. New surgical techniques have been developed to expose, inspect, and reliably repair the plantar plate, if necessary. Dorsal and plantar approaches have both been used successfully to repair the plantar plate. Tears of the plantar plate can be repaired primarily or advanced on the base of the proximal phalanx through bone tunnels. Outcomes of these procedures are promising, with improvements in pain and function reported along with sustained deformity correction.

AOFAS score explained

This is the Wound Care portion of the Crozer Keystone Manual.

This is a bone tumor quiz from the bone tumor section of the Crozer Keystone Manual.

This is a Trauma quiz from the Trauma section of the Crozer Keystone Manual.

This is a Surgery quiz pertaining to Bone Healing, Bone Grafts and Miscellaneous surgery concepts from the Crozer keystone manual.

This is a Surgery quiz pertaining to Suture and absorbable fixation, arthroscopy, 1st ray surgery, post-op white and and blue toes and rearfoot surgery from the Crozer keystone manual

This is a surgery quiz pertaining to plastic surgery and fixation devices from the Crozer keystone manual.